An industry expert details the differences in solvent treating processes and the types of feedstock used for each. Relevant process data is provided, and process operations are fully described. This practical and accessible guide is written for managers, professionals and technicians as well as graduate students transitioning into the refining industry. Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details deasphalting and dewaxing approaches. Explores the process options and parameters involved in solvent processes. Considers next generation processes and developments.

Written by an industry expert with over fifty years of experience, this book details the various solvent processes that are used in crude oil refineries. Providing an in-depth exploration of the different types of processes, as well as the types of feedstocks that can be used with them, this book prepares readers for changes as the industry evolves. Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Contains an extensive glossary of all related concepts in hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes Considers next generation processes and developments. This book is an essential guide for engineers, scientists and students in the field of petroleum processing and refining technology, including professionals, technicians, management personnel and academics.

Many oil refineries employ hydroprocessing for removing sulfur and other impurities from petroleum feedstocks. Capable of handling heavier feedstocks than other refining techniques, hydroprocessing enables refineries to produce higher quality products from unconventional - and formerly wasted - sources. Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua illustrates how to obtain maximum yields of high-value products from heavy oils and residue using hydroprocessing technologies.

While most resources on hydroprocessing concentrate ongas oil and lower boiling products, this book details the chemistry involved and the process modifications required for the hydroprocessing of heavy crude oils and residua. Emphasizing the use of effective catalysts to ensure cleaner and more efficient industrial fuel processes, the book presents key principles of heterogeneous catalyst preparation, catalyst loading, and reactor systems. It explains how to evaluate and account for catalysts, reactor type, process variables, feedstock type, and feedstock composition in the design of hydroprocessing operations. The text concludes with examples of commercial processes and discusses methods of hydrogen production.

To meet the growing demand for transportation fuels and fuel oil, modern oil refineries must find ways to produce high quality fuel products from increasingly heavy feedstocks. Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua contains the fundamental concepts, technologies, and process modifications refineries need to adapt current hydroprocessing technologies for processing heavier feedstocks.

This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. It illustrates state-of-the-art engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other high-sulphur feedstocks.

Series Information:
Applied Energy Technology

The petrochemical industry is a scientific and engineering field that encompasses the production of a wide range of chemicals and polymers. The purpose of this book is not only to provide a follow-on to form the later chapters of the highly successful Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum 5th Edition but also provides a simplified approach to a very diverse chemical subject dealing with the chemistry and technology of various petroleum and petrochemical process. Following from the introductory chapters, this book provides the readers with a valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. Provides readers with a valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis Introduces the reader to the various petrochemical intermediates are generally produced by chemical conversion of primary petrochemicals to form more complicated derivative products The reactions and processes involved in transforming petroleum-based hydrocarbons into the chemicals that form the basis of the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry are reviewed and described The book includes information on new process developments for the production of raw materials and intermediates for petrochemicals Includes a description of the origin of the raw materials for the petrochemicals industry - including an overview of the coal chemicals industry

Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details reactor types and bed types. Explores the process options and parameters involved. Assesses coke formation and additives. Considers next generation processes and developments.

The prime focus of the book is to determine the mechanism, extent, and efficiency of biodegradation processes, as it is necessary to know the composition of the original crude oil or crude oil product. The technology of bioremediation and the concerns of whether or not bioremediation technologies can accelerate this natural process enough to be considered practical, and, if so, whether they might find a niche as replacements for, or adjuncts to, other crude oil-spill response technologies. This book also introduces the reader to the science of the composition of crude oil and crude oil products is at the core of understanding the chemistry of biodegradation and bioremediation processes.

Understanding current environmental issues requires having a critical eye to all information related to the release and distribution of chemicals into the environment. This new book offers scientists, researchers, and students an essential understanding of natural environments and the way in which they function by providing clear explanations of the fundamental aspects of environmental science and technology from a multidisciplinary perspective. Written in a convenient and easy-to-read style, this volume covers the important aspects of environmental science and technology, focusing on the many issues that are related to the effects of chemical waste on various ecosystems as well as on pollutant mitigation and clean-up. The volume discusses several key environmental problems such as pollution, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, and global warming affecting the Earth’s atmosphere, aquasphere, and geosphere over the past four decades. The author takes an interdisciplinary approach to explain the environmental conditions of earth affected by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. The Science and Technology of the Environment is a ready-at-hand guide to the many issues that are related to the effects of chemicals on various ecosystems as well as to pollutant mitigation and clean-up that will be valuable to students at all levels as well as a refresher for scientists, researchers, policymakers, and others.

Over the last several decades, the petroleum industry has experienced significant changes in resource availability, petro-politics, and technological advancements dictated by the changing quality of refinery feedstocks. However, the dependence on fossil fuels as the primary energy source has remained unchanged. Refinery Feedstocks addresses the problems of changing feedstock availability and properties; the refining process; and solids deposition during refining. This book will take the reader through the various steps that are necessary for crude oil evaluation and refining including the potential for the use of coal liquids, shale oil, and non-fossil fuel materials (biomass) as refinery feedstocks. Other features: Describes the various types of crude oil and includes a discussion of extra heavy oil and tar sand bitumen Includes basic properties and specifications of crude oil and the significance in refinery operations This book is a handy reference for engineers, scientists, and students who want an update on crude oil refining and on the direction the industry must take to assure the refinability of various feedstocks and the efficiency of the refining processes in the next fifty years. Non-technical readers, with help from the extensive glossary, will also benefit from reading this book.

This book covers the very important principle of nanobiotechnology as applied in the petroleum industry and how it can be used for Oil recovery Microbial enhanced oil recovery Petroleum refinery, such as, for example, desulfurization, denitrogenation, demetallization, biotransformation, and bio-upgrading Bioremediation of oil polluted soil and water Mitigation of microbial corrosion and bio-fouling Toxicity of nano-materials and its obstacles upon application Nanobiotechnology in petroleum industry and the 17 goals of sustainable development.

Over the last several decades, the petroleum industry has experienced significant changes in resource availability, petro-politics, and technological advancements dictated by the changing quality of refinery feedstocks. However, the dependence on fossil fuels as the primary energy source has remained unchanged. Refinery Feedstocks addresses the problems of changing feedstock availability and properties; the refining process; and solids deposition during refining. This book will take the reader through the various steps that are necessary for crude oil evaluation and refining including the potential for the use of coal liquids, shale oil, and non-fossil fuel materials (biomass) as refinery feedstocks. Other features: Describes the various types of crude oil and includes a discussion of extra heavy oil and tar sand bitumen Includes basic properties and specifications of crude oil and the significance in refinery operations This book is a handy reference for engineers, scientists, and students who want an update on crude oil refining and on the direction the industry must take to assure the refinability of various feedstocks and the efficiency of the refining processes in the next fifty years. Non-technical readers, with help from the extensive glossary, will also benefit from reading this book.

Petroleum refining involves refining crude petroleum as well as producing raw materials for the petrochemical industry. This book covers current refinery processes and process-types that are likely to come on-stream during the next three to five decades. The book includes (1) comparisons of conventional feedstocks with heavy oil, tar sand bitumen, and bio-feedstocks; (2) properties and refinability of the various feedstocks; (3) thermal processes versus hydroprocesses; and (4) the influence of refining on the environment.

Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization describes the operation of the various desulfurization process units in a petroleum refinery. It also explains the processes that produce raw materials for the petrochemical industry. It illustrates all the possible processes to lower the sulfur contents in petroleum and its fractions to decrease emissions of sulfur oxides. This book introduces you to desulfurization concepts, including biodesulfurization, as well as technology, giving guidance on how to accomplish desulfurization in various refining processes. It contains background chapters on the composition and evaluation of feedstocks and includes diagrams and tables of feedstocks and their respective produce. It also outlines how to decide which method should be employed to remove sulfur from different feedstocks. A practical and thorough discussion of the field, Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization gives you a strong grasp of the various processes involved with industrial desulfurization while giving you pointers on which procedures to use under certain conditions.

Many oil refineries employ hydroprocessing for removing sulfur and other impurities from petroleum feedstocks. Capable of handling heavier feedstocks than other refining techniques, hydroprocessing enables refineries to produce higher quality products from unconventional - and formerly wasted - sources. Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua illustrates how to obtain maximum yields of high-value products from heavy oils and residue using hydroprocessing technologies. While most resources on hydroprocessing concentrate ongas oil and lower boiling products, this book details the chemistry involved and the process modifications required for the hydroprocessing of heavy crude oils and residua. Emphasizing the use of effective catalysts to ensure cleaner and more efficient industrial fuel processes, the book presents key principles of heterogeneous catalyst preparation, catalyst loading, and reactor systems. It explains how to evaluate and account for catalysts, reactor type, process variables, feedstock type, and feedstock composition in the design of hydroprocessing operations. The text concludes with examples of commercial processes and discusses methods of hydrogen production. To meet the growing demand for transportation fuels and fuel oil, modern oil refineries must find ways to produce high quality fuel products from increasingly heavy feedstocks. Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua contains the fundamental concepts, technologies, and process modifications refineries need to adapt current hydroprocessing technologies for processing heavier feedstocks.

While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels-including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation-fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future. Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society. Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What's New in This Edition: Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughout Includes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste products Covers statistics, current concerns, and future trends A single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy.

The demand for coal use (for electricity generation) and coal products, particularly liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks, is increasing throughout the world. Traditional markets such as North America and Europe are experiencing a steady increase in demand whereas emerging Asian markets, such as India and China, are witnessing a rapid surge in demand for clean liquid fuels. A detailed and comprehensive overview of the chemistry and technology of coal in the twenty-first century, The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition also covers the relationship of coal industry processes with environmental regulations as well as the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere. Maintaining and enhancing the clarity of presentation that made the previous editions so popular, this book: Examines the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere Details practical elements of coal evaluation procedures Clarifies misconceptions concerning the organic structure of coal Discusses the physical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of coal Analyzes the development and current status of combustion and gasification techniques In addition to two new chapters, Coal Use and the Environment and Coal and Energy Security, much of the material in this edition been rewritten to incorporate the latest developments in the coal industry. Citations from review articles, patents, other books, and technical articles with substantial introductory material are incorporated into the text for further reference. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition maintains its initial premise: to introduce the science of coal, beginning with its formation in the ground to the production of a wide variety of products and petrochemical intermediates in the twenty-first century. The book will prove useful for scientists and engineers already engaged in the coal and/or catalyst manufacturing industry looking for a general overview or update on the clean coal technology as well as professional researchers and students in chemistry and engineering.

While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels-including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation-fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future. Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society. Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What's New in This Edition: Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughout Includes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste products Covers statistics, current concerns, and future trends A single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy.

The petrochemical industry is a scientific and engineering field that encompasses the production of a wide range of chemicals and polymers. The purpose of this book is not only to provide a follow-on to form the later chapters of the highly successful Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum 5th Edition but also provides a simplified approach to a very diverse chemical subject dealing with the chemistry and technology of various petroleum and petrochemical process. Following from the introductory chapters, this book provides the readers with a valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. Provides readers with a valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis Introduces the reader to the various petrochemical intermediates are generally produced by chemical conversion of primary petrochemicals to form more complicated derivative products The reactions and processes involved in transforming petroleum-based hydrocarbons into the chemicals that form the basis of the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry are reviewed and described The book includes information on new process developments for the production of raw materials and intermediates for petrochemicals Includes a description of the origin of the raw materials for the petrochemicals industry - including an overview of the coal chemicals industry

"Second Edition expands and updates information on the technological aspects of refining heavy oils, residua, bitumen, and other high-sulfur feedstocks. Focuses on the range of next-generation refining processes."

Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis Understand the future of oil production with this comprehensive guide Heavy oil, also known as viscous oil, is oil too viscous to flow normally from wells and reservoirs. In recent decades it has become increasingly important as a source of liquid oil for use in industrial processes. This places all the greater importance on proper analysis of heavy oil and its properties, so that it can be more effectively refined and deployed to meet ever-growing energy needs. Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis provides a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of viscous oil and its properties. It discusses the full range of tests and analytical procedures by which the behavior and refinability of viscous oil samples can be predicted and connects theoretical knowledge to refinery practice throughout. Additionally, its incorporation of the latest environmental regulations makes it an invaluable resource. Readers will also find: Detailed coverage of both physical properties and chemical composition of heavy oil An author more than fifty years of experience in the process industries Discussion of new methods for determining instability and incompatibility This book is a useful reference for scientists and engineers in the oil refining industries, chemists and researchers in heavy oil and adjacent industries, and government officials and regulators.

Petroleum refining involves refining crude petroleum as well as producing raw materials for the petrochemical industry. This book covers current refinery processes and process-types that are likely to come on-stream during the next three to five decades. The book includes (1) comparisons of conventional feedstocks with heavy oil, tar sand bitumen, and bio-feedstocks; (2) properties and refinability of the various feedstocks; (3) thermal processes versus hydroprocesses; and (4) the influence of refining on the environment.

Biomass Processes and Chemicals is written to assist the reader in understanding the options available for the production of chemicals from biomass. Petroleum-based and natural gas-based chemicals are well-established products that have served industry and consumers for more than one hundred years. However, time is running out and natural gas and petroleum are now being depleted. Thus, the need for alternative technologies to produce chemicals is necessary. Chemicals produced from sources are now coming into place for the establishment of a chemicals-from-biomass industry, hence this book covers these advancements.

The Refinery of the Future, Second Edition, delivers useful knowledge that will help the engineer understand the processes involved, feedstocks, composition and future technologies. Covering the basic chemistry, commercial processes already in use and future innovation, this reference gives engineers and managers the tools needed to understand refining products, feedstocks, and the processes critical to convert feedstocks to desired outcomes. New information concerning tight shale formations and heavy oil process options is included for today's operations. Rounding out with future uses in shale, bioliquids and refinery configurations, this book gives engineers and refinery managers the knowledge to update and upgrade their refinery assets.

Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details the equipment and components and possible impacts due to composition. Explores the process options and parameters involved in dewatering, desalting and distillation. Considers next generation processes and developments